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Table 3 Mean score, standard deviation (SD) and range for each domain and item of the HeLMS for the control (No LBP) and chronic low back pain (LBP) groups

From: Individuals with chronic low back pain have greater difficulty in engaging in positive lifestyle behaviours than those without back pain: An assessment of health literacy

Domain

Descriptor

No LBP

Mean (SD), [min-max]

Chronic LBP

Mean (SD), [min-max]

Mean difference

(95% CI)

Cohen's

(95% CI)

1

Patient attitudes towards their health

4.52 (0.71), [2.50-5.00]

4.01 (0.89), [2.00-5.00]

0.46 (0.11 - 0.82)*

0.65 (0.44 - 0.94)

2

Understanding health information

4.86 (0.36), [3.25-5.00]

4.80 (0.43), [2.75-5.00]

0.06 (-0.12 - 0.24)

0.15 (0.05 - 0.30)

3

Social support

4.72 (0.50), [2.75-5.00]

4.54 (0.75), [1.50-5.00]

0.17 (-0.11 - 0.46)

0.29 (0.14 - 0.54)

4

Socioeconomic considerations

4.70 (0.56), [2.33-5.00]

4.60 (0.54), [3.00-5.00]

0.10 (-0.15 - 0.34)

0.18 (0.02 - 0.36)

5

Accessing general practitioner healthcare services

4.90 (0.25), [3.75-5.00]

4.90 (0.34), [3.50-5.00]

0.02 (-0.12 - 0.15)

0.00 (-0.07 - 0.11)

6

Communicating with health professionals

4.68 (0.52), [3.00-5.00]

4.53 (0.59), [3.00-5.00]

0.15 (-0.09 - 0.40)

0.27 (0.12 - 0.47)

7

Being proactive

4.64 (0.54), [3.00-5.00]

4.50 (0.66), [2.67-5.00]

0.15 (-0.11 - 0.42)

0.24 (0.08 - 0.45)

8

Using health information

4.84 (0.34), [3.75-5.00]

4.71 (0.49), [2.75-5.00]

0.13 (-0.06 - 0.31)

0.32 (0.22 - 0.48)

Item [domain]

Question: "Are you able to....."

    

6 [1]

Make time for things that are good for your health?

4.32 (0.88), [2.00-5.00]

3.81 (0.95), [2.00-5.00]

0.51 (0.10 - 0.92)*

0.57 (0.31 - 0.88)

14 [1]

Pay attention to your health needs?

4.64 (0.72), [2.00-5.00]

4.22 (0.99), [2.00-5.00]

0.41 (0.03 - 0.80)*

0.50 (0.29 - 0.82)

25 [1]

Find the energy to manage your health?

4.68 (0.67), [2.00-5.00]

4.19 (1.06), [1.00-5.00]

0.49 (0.10 - 0.88)*

0.57 (0.37 - 0.92)

27 [1]

Change your lifestyle to improve your health?

4.43 (0.87), [2.00-5.00]

4.00 (0.99), [2.00-5.00]

0.43 (0.02 - 0.85)*

0.47 (0.21 - 0.79)

  1. The mean difference between the groups and associated effect size (Cohen's d) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are included. The possible score range for each domain and item is 1-5.
  2. * significant difference between No LBP and Chronic LBP groups.
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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