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Table 4 Multivariable linear regression for dependent variables of baseline RMDQ and back pain NRS on patient characteristics

From: Back pain in seniors: the Back pain Outcomes using Longitudinal Data (BOLD) cohort baseline data

Independent variable

Levels

Dependent variable: RMDQ (0–24)

Dependent variable: back pain intensity (0–10)

  

Coef* (95% CI)

P-value

Coef* (95% CI)

P-value

Site

Boston

Ref

<0.001

Ref

<0.001

 

Detroit

5.22 (4.56, 5.88)

1.26 (0.96, 1.56)

 

N. CA

3.30 (2.77, 3.82)

0.59 (0.35, 0.83)

Age

(Per year)

0.03 (0.00, 0.05)

0.048

0.00 (-0.01, 0.01)

0.983

Sex

Male

Ref

<0.001

Ref

<0.001

 

Female

1.10 (0.73, 1.46)

0.50 (0.34, 0.67)

Hispanic

Yes

Ref

0.578

Ref

0.087

 

No

-0.24 (-1.10, 0.62)

-0.34 (-0.73, 0.05)

Race

Black or African American

Ref

0.011

Ref

<0.001

 

Native American Indian/Alaskan/Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander

-0.13 (-1.93, 1.67)

-0.05 (-0.88, 0.77)

 

Asian

-0.29 (-1.25, 0.68)

-0.50 (-0.94, -0.06)

 

Caucasian

-0.76 (-1.27, -0.25)

-0.72 (-0.96, -0.49)

 

Other

0.16 (-0.79, 1.10)

-0.51 (-0.94, -0.07)

Education

Less than high school graduate

Ref

<0.001

Ref

<0.001

 

High school graduate/obtained a GED/Vocational, technical, or trade school

-1.13 (-1.87, -0.39)

-0.35 (-0.69, -0.02)

 

Some college

-2.20 (-2.96, -1.44)

-0.40 (-0.75, -0.06)

 

Four year college graduate

-2.99 (-3.78, -2.20)

-0.80 (-1.16, -0.44)

 

Professional or graduate degree

-3.04 (-3.85, -2.23)

-1.05 (-1.42, -0.68)

Marital

Married/living with a partner

Ref

0.386

Ref

0.086

 

Separated/divorced

0.20 (-0.34, 0.73)

0.07 (-0.17, 0.32)

 

Never married and presently single

0.45 (-0.31, 1.21)

0.25 (-0.10, 0.60)

 

Widowed

0.33 (-0.12, 0.78)

0.25 (0.04, 0.45)

Employment

Working full-time/part-time

Ref

<0.001

Ref

0.003

 

Retired (not due to ill health)

0.86 (0.33, 1.38)

0.30 (0.06, 0.54)

 

Retired or disabled because of ill health

3.90 (2.82, 4.99)

0.87 (0.38, 1.37)

 

Other

0.60 (-0.33, 1.54)

0.08 (-0.34, 0.51)

Legal rep.

Yes

Ref

0.059

Ref

0.115

 

No

-2.00 (-4.07, 0.08)

-0.76 (-1.71, 0.19)

Smoking status

Never Smoked

Ref

<0.001

Ref

0.012

 

Quit smoking over a year ago

0.39 (0.04, 0.74)

0.13 (-0.03, 0.29)

 

Current smoker/quit less than a year ago

1.46 (0.77, 2.15)

0.45 (0.14, 0.77)

ICD9 code

Non-specific

Ref

<0.001

Ref

0.051

 

Back and Leg

1.00 (0.59, 1.42)

-0.04 (-0.23, 0.15)

 

Spinal Stenosis

1.08 (0.35, 1.81)

-0.46 (-0.79, -0.13)

 

Others

-0.75 (-1.46, -0.05)

-0.14 (-0.47, 0.18)

Pain duration

0 - 1 month

Ref

<0.001

Ref

<0.001

 

1 - 3 month

0.62 (0.16, 1.08)

0.13 (-0.08, 0.34)

 

3 - 6 month

0.61 (-0.07, 1.30)

0.33 (0.02, 0.65)

 

6 - 12 month

1.07 (0.35, 1.78)

0.42 (0.10, 0.75)

 

1 - 5 years

1.80 (1.29, 2.31)

0.46 (0.23, 0.69)

 

> 5 years

2.03 (1.56, 2.50)

0.53 (0.31, 0.74)

Time from index visit to assessment (per day, 0–21)

-0.04 (-0.08, -0.00)

0.029

-0.07 (-0.08, -0.05)

<0.001

  1. *Multivariable regression model coefficients are on the scale of the dependent variable and are not standardized.