Predicting change in symptoms and function in patients with persistent shoulder pain: a prognostic model development study

Table 3 Parameters for the full multivariable linear regression model (n = 220)

Variable	Coefficient	95% CI	Stand. coefficient
Baseline QuickDASH	0.62	0.41; 0.83	0.60
Age	−0.10	− 0.33; 0.13	− 0.06
Sex
Woman	Ref.
Man	−0.39	−5.44; 4.65	− 0.01
Employment status
Employed/studying	Ref.
Unemployed/ subsidised employment/ sick leave	−10.89	−18.86; − 2.92	−0.17
Pensioner	1.86	−4.65; 8.38	0.04
Professional educational level
No education	Ref.
Low (< 2) or vocational	6.33	−0.57; 13.24	0.15
Medium (3) or high (> 4)	1.81	−5.58; 9.20	0.04
Movement impairment classification
Hypomobility	Ref.
Hypermobility	−10.10	−17.60; −2.60	−0.19
Aberrant motion	−8.16	−14.67; − 1.64	− 0.20
Pain	− 0.04	−1.42; 1.34	− 0.005
Duration of symptoms	− 0.05	− 0.10; 0.01	−0.11
Self-rated ability to cope with the pain	1.20	−0.01; 2.41	0.14
Fear avoidance	−0.08	−0.68; 0.52	− 0.02
Health-related quality of life	12.9	−12.6; 38.2	0.09
Mental wellbeing	0.00	−0.14; 0.14	0.00
Self-rated risk of persistent symptoms	0.06	−1.00; 1.11	0.01
Pain catastrophizing	−0.37	−0.95; 0.21	− 0.10
Intercept	−14.28	−42.44; 13.87	–
Adjusted coefficient of determination, adjusted R² = 30.8% Root MSE^a = 17.12

Positive coefficients reflect a decrease in QuickDASH equal to better function and less symptoms. The model had 17 degrees of freedom, corresponding to 13 participants per degree of freedom
Abbreviations: QuickDASH Quick Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand, CI confidence interval
^aModel standard deviation

ISSN: 1471-2474