Growth factor release by vesicular phospholipid gels: in-vitro results and application for rotator cuff repair in a rat model

Table 3 Biomechanical testing

Group	Mean load to failure [N]	Deficit to mean contralateral side [N]	Reduced load to failure to contralateral side = ratio [%]	p (compared to ratio Placebo)
Contralateral	34.15 ± 9.1*	-	-	-
Placebo	21.40 ± 10.3	−16.78	62.71	-
G-CSF Low	26.19 ± 7.8	−5.68	81.62	0.020*
G-CSF High	24.78 ± 6.5	−7.63	80.39	0.062
Group	Mean stiffness [N/mm]	Deficit to mean contralateral side [N]	Reduced stiffness to contralateral side = ratio [%]	p (compared to ratio Placebo)
Contralateral	34.08 * ± 5.5	-	-	-
Placebo	18.68 ± 10.4	−20.78	47.34	-
G-CSF Low	16.57 ± 6.1	−17.76	48.27	0.242
G-CSF High	22.04 ± 7.0	−6.43	77.41	0.078

Load to failure (N) and Stiffness (N/mm) – mean and standard deviation (±) of absolute values and ratio to healthy contralateral side (%).
*Intergroup comparison showed significant differences only in comparison to the healthy contralateral side in load to failure (Placebo .007; G-CSF low .021;G-CSF high .015) and stiffness (p < .01 for all groups). Treatment group comparisons showed non significant differences (p > .05).

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