Fig. 1

Flow diagram of fracture and non-fracture cohort adults included in the study. Note: ICD-10-CA, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Canada; IKN, ICES key number. ^aAll patients with valid IKN with a non-trauma fracture occurring at an osteoporotic fracture site (hip, humerus, vertebral, wrist, pelvis, femur, clavicle/sternum, ribs, radius/ulna, or tibia/ fibula/knee) between January 1, 2011 and March 31, 2015. Fractures were identified using ICD-10-CA codes from hospital admissions, emergency room visits, and ambulatory care. ^bControls who did not experience a fracture between January 1, 2011 and March 31, 2015 or during the 5-year lookback period prior to their index date