From: Musculoskeletal disorders in video gamers – a systematic review
First author (year), country | Study design | Population | Sample size (n) | Mean Age [yrs] (range), sex | Types of video gaming devicea | Definition of MSD to identify changesb | Evaluation methods | Body regions of interest |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burke (2002), USA [41] | Cross sectional survey | School students | 212 | 12.4 (5 – 18), 52% female | Computer, console, handheld | Presence of cumulative trauma disorders | Non-standardized questionnaire | Back, head, neck, wrist |
DiFrancisco-Donoghue (2019), USA [37] | Cross sectional survey | College esport players | 65 | NR (18 – 22), NR | Computer, more CD | Reported pain in different body regions | Non-standardized questionnaire | Back, hand, neck, wrist |
Hakala (2006), Finland [38] | Cross sectional survey | School students | 6003 | 14-, 16-, 18-year-olds, 52.2% female | Computer, console | Neck-shoulder pain [NSP] or lower back pain [LBP] in the past 6 months | Non-standardized questionnaire | Back, neck, shoulder |
Hellström (2015), Sweden [39] | Cross sectional survey | School students | 7757 | 13–14-, 15–16-, 17–18-year-olds, 50% female | Computer, console, more CD | MSK pain during the past 3 months | Non-standardized questionnaire | Summarized3 |
Kang (2003), Korea [33] | Cross sectional survey | Gaming room visitors and college students | 284 | 22.9 (17—29), 100% male | Computer | Presence, duration and severity of MSDs in upper limbs | NIOSH Criteria | Elbow, hand, neck, shoulder, wrist |
Lindberg (2020), Denmark [25] | Cross sectional survey | Esport athletes | 188 | 17.1 (15 – 35), 97.9% male | Computer | MSK pain during the previous week | Non-standardized questionnaire | Back, neck, shoulder |
Ma (2019), China [34] | Cross sectional survey | Junior college students | 500 | 17.9 (16—20), 60% male | Smartphone | (1) Positive test for de Quervain’s disease (2) Limited wrist movements in the past 2 weeks | (1) Finkelstein's test (2) Partially standardized questionnaire | Wrist |
Meziat-Filho (2017), Brazil [35] | Cross sectional survey | High school students | 1102 | 16.8 (14 – 20), 53.3% female | Computer | Neck pain | Partially standardized questionnaire | Neck |
Sekiguchi (2018a), Japan [42] | Cross sectional survey | School-aged athletes | 6143 | 11Median (6—15), 71.1% male | Computer, console, handheld, smartphone | Current pain in different body parts | Non-standardized questionnaire | Summarizedc |
Sekiguchi (2018b), Japan [43] | Cross sectional survey | Young baseball players | 200 | 11 (9—12), 100% male | Computer, console, handheld, smartphone | Elbow or shoulder pain (in throwing arm) during the past 12 months | Non-standardized questionnaire | Elbow, shoulder |
Silva (2016), Brazil [44] | Cross sectional survey | High school students | 961 | 16.5 (14—19), 61.6% female | Computer, console, handheld | Presence of musculoskeletal pain in the last 6 months | Non-standardized questionnaire | Summarizedc |
Tazawa (2001), Japan [36] | Cross sectional survey | School students | 1143 | NR (6 – 11), 51.2% male | Console | Current or equivocal trapezius stiffness [MS] or MS and displacement of scapula [DS/MS] | Non-standardized questionnaire | Neck, shoulder |
Torsheim (2010), Norway [40] | Cross sectional survey | School students in Nordic European countries | 31,022 | 11-, 13-, 15-year-olds, 50% female | Computer, console | Physical complaints in past 6 months (backache and headache) | HBSC-Symptom checklist | Back, head |
Wang (2019), China [26] | Experimental study | College students | 12 | 24.2 (21—28), 58% female | Smartphone | (1) Muscle tension during experiment (2) Musculoskeletal discomfort | (1) Surface electromyography (2) Visual analog | Hand |
Xavier (2015), Brazil [46] | Cross sectional survey | High school students | 954 | 16.5 (14—19), 61.4% female | Computer, console, handheld | Prevalence of headache | Non-standardized questionnaire | Head |
Yabe (2018), Japan [45] | Cross sectional survey | School-aged athletes | 6441 | 11Median (6—15), 71% male | Computer, console, handheld | Current pain in different body parts | Non-standardized questionnaire | Back |