| Pre-operation | 3 months after operation | 1 year after operation | Final follow-up | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS (Back) | |||||
 TTL | 6.42 ± 0.78 | 2.08 ± 0.53 | 1.50 ± 0.59 | 1.04 ± 0.62 | 0.000 |
 Rigid | 6.19 ± 1.08 | 2.01 ± 0.49 | 1.52 ± 0.51 | 1.14 ± 0.73 | 0.000 |
 P value | 0.419 | 0.813 | 0.886 | 0.618 |  |
VAS (Leg) | |||||
 TTL | 7.04 ± 1.12 | 2.29 ± 0.46 | 1.63 ± 0.49 | 1.08 ± 0.58 | 0.000 |
 Rigid | 7.24 ± 1.30 | 2.24 ± 0.44 | 1.80 ± 0.51 | 1.14 ± 0.57 | 0.000 |
 P value | 0.589 | 0.693 | 0.226 | 0.732 |  |
ODI% | |||||
 TTL | 71.17 ± 9.41 | 27.67 ± 4.56 | 24.67 ± 2.68* | 23.08 ± 3.12* | 0.000 |
 Rigid | 73.16 ± 9.03 | 30.19 ± 4.64 | 28.19 ± 3.84 | 28.57 ± 3.36 | 0.000 |
 P value | 0.474 | 0.073 | 0.001 | 0.000 |  |