Table 1 General characteristics of the study participants
Variables | Total (N = 1536) | Osteoporosis (N = 101) | No osteoporosis (1435) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, % |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
 Male | 773 (50.3) | 31 (30.7) | 742 (51.7) |  |
 Female | 763 (49.7) | 70 (69.3) | 693(48.3) |  |
Age, years | 58.7 ± 0.5 | 65.7 ± 1.6 | 58.3 ± 0.5 | < 0.01 |
Race ethnicity, % | Â | Â | Â | Â 0.256 |
 Mexican American | 155 (10.1) | 10 (9.9) | 145 (10.1) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 92 (6.0) | 6 (5.9) | 86 (6.0) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 936 (60.9) | 61 (60.4) | 875 (61.0) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 200 (13.0) | 13 (12.9) | 187 (13.0) |  |
 Other Races | 153 (10.0) | 11 (10.9) | 142 (9.9) |  |
Education levels, % |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
 Less than high school | 461 (30.0) | 37 (36.6) | 424 (29.5) |  |
 High school or equivalent | 307 (20.0) | 24 (23.8) | 283 (19.7) |  |
 College or above | 768 (50.0) | 50 (49.5) | 718 (50.0) |  |
Family income-poverty ratio level |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
 0–1.0 | 312 (20.3) | 34 (33.7) | 278 (19.4) |  |
 1.0–3.0 | 610 (39.7) | 36 (35.6) | 574 (40.0) |  |
 > 3.0 | 614 (40.0) | 31 (30.7) | 583 (40.6) |  |
BMI, kg/m2 | Â | Â | Â | 0.102 |
 < 25 | 368 (24.0) | 23 (22.8) | 345 (24.0) |  |
 25–30 | 584 (38.0) | 38 (37.6) | 546 (38.0) |  |
 > 30 | 584 (38.0) | 40 (39.6) | 544 (38.0) |  |
Smoking status |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
 Never smoker | 1220 (79.4) | 75 (74.3) | 1145 (80.0) |  |
 Smoker | 316 (20.6) | 26 (25.7) | 290 (20.0) |  |
Drinking status |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
 No | 1235 (80.4) | 77 (76.2) | 1158 (80.7) |  |
 Yes | 301 (19.6) | 24 (23.8) | 277 (19.3) |  |
Physical activity, | Â | Â | Â | 0.072 |
 No | 1228 (79.9) | 78 (77.2) | 1150 (80.1) |  |
 Yes | 308 (20.1) | 23 (22.8) | 285 (19.9) |  |