Table 1 Demographics and medical history characteristics of patients

Sex, n (%)

0.124

 Male

20,031 (42.8)

420 (35.7)

2,068 (33.4)

 Female

26,757 (57.2)

755 (64.3)

4,118 (66.6)

Age, mean ± SD

68.7 ± 11.9

82.4 ± 4.3

80.7 ± 4.1

 < 0.001

BMI, mean ± SD

29.5 ± 6.4

19.5 ± 11.9

24.8 ± 9.6

 < 0.001

Race, n (%)

0.977

 White

30,356 (86.0)

543 (90.2)

3,530 (90.6)

 Black or African American

3,476 (9.8)

32 (5.3)

208 (5.3)

 Asian

887 (2.5)

20 (3.3)

117 (3.0)

 Other Race

597 (1.7)

7 (1.2)

43 (1.1)

Hispanic Ethnicity, n (%)

1,854 (5.2)

29 (4.7)

133 (3.4)

0.100

Past Medical History, n (%)

 Dementia

2,574 (17.3)

642 (54.6)

852 (13.8)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes

6,165 (13.2)

181 (15.4)

839 (13.6)

0.094

 Smoker

4,856 (10.4)

61 (5.2)

256 (4.1)

0.103

 Independent Functional Status

43,861 (94.2)

729 (63.1)

5,373 (87.8)

 < 0.001

 Ventilator Dependent

17 (0.0)

4 (0.3)

4 (0.1)

0.026

 COPD

2,209 (4.7)

102 (8.7)

431 (7.0)

0.038

 Ascites

33 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

4 (0.1)

0.581

 CHF

1,669 (3.6)

132 (11.2)

440 (7.1)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension Requiring Medications

26,017 (55.6)

787 (67.0)

4,227 (68.3)

0.362

 Dialysis

235 (0.5)

20 (1.7)

43 (0.7)

0.002

 Disseminated Cancer

353 (0.8)

16 (1.4)

69 (1.1)

0.457

 Immunosuppressive Therapy

1,854 (4.0)

47 (4.0)

264 (4.3)

0.752

 Bleeding Disorder

1,966 (4.2)

142 (12.1)

493 (8.0)

 < 0.001

 Preoperative pRBC Transfusion < 72 Hours Before Surgery

209 (0.4)

28 (2.4)

52 (0.8)

 < 0.001

Presence of Sepsis

 < 0.001

 No Sepsis

45,329 (96.9)

1,037 (88.3)

5,795 (93.7)

 SIRS

1,389 (3.0)

128 (10.9)

374 (6.0)

 Sepsis

63 (0.1)

8 (0.7)

17 (0.3)

 Septic Shock

7 (0.0)

2 (0.2)

0 (0)

Lives Alone, n (%)

3,857 (29.1)

227 (23.6)

1,671 (30.1)

 < 0.001

Fall Within 6 Months, n (%)

5,092 (36.2)

701 (62.0)

1,977 (33.6)

 < 0.001

Mortality Probability, mean ± SD

0.01 ± 0.04

0.06 ± 0.07

0.03 ± 0.05

 < 0.001

Morbidity Probability, mean ± SD

0.04 ± 0.04

0.11 ± 0.06

0.07 ± 0.05

 < 0.001

Procedure, n (%)

 < 0.001

 Hemiarthroplasty

8,440 (18.0)

934 (79.5)

2,577 (41.7)

 THA for Osteoarthritis

36,628 (78.3)

172 (14.6)

3,370 (54.5)

 THA for Proximal Femur Fracture

1,720 (3.7)

69 (5.9)

239 (3.9)

ASA Class, n (%)

 < 0.001

 1

1,225 (2.6)

3 (0.3)

41 (0.7)

 2

20,522 (44.0)

108 (9.3)

1,686 (27.3)

 3

22,362 (47.9)

734 (63.1)

3,676 (59.6)

 4

2,574 (5.5)

319 (27.4)

769 (12.5)

General Anesthesia, n (%)

20,165 (43.1)

641 (54.6)

2,541 (41.1)

 < 0.001

Operative Time Minutes, mean ± SD

89.9 ± 37.2

79.0 ± 43.4

83.2 ± 34.5

 < 0.001