Table 4 Ordinal logistic regression analyses for detriments of physical activity

Age in years

 ≤ 54

41 (71.93)

Ref

-

-

Ref

-

-

 55-64

139 (75.54)

0.74

0.40 to 1.37

0.335

-

-

-

 65-74

97 (68.31)

1.17

0.63 to 2.19

0.623

-

-

-

 ≥75

34 (82.93)

0.40

0.17 to 0.93

0.033

0.29

0.14 to 0.60

0.001

Gender

 Male

83 (61.94)

Ref

-

-

Ref

-

-

 Female

227 (78.55)

0.44

0.29 to 0.67

<0.001

0.46

0.29 to 0.73

0.001

BMI

 Healthy - <23 kg/m²

58 (70.73)

Ref

-

-

Ref

-

-

 Overweight - 23-27.4 kg/m²

128 (67.72)

1.29

0.77 to 2.18

0.333

-

-

-

 Obesity - ≥ 27.5 kg/m²

112 (82.96)

0.50

0.28 to 0.88

0.016

0.47

0.30 to 0.74

0.001

Ethnicity

 Chinese

237 (71.39)

Ref

-

-

Ref

-

-

 Malay

36 (85.71)

0.37

0.19 to 0.72

0.004

0.44

0.22 to 0.88

0.021

 Indian

33 (76.74)

0.92

0.49 to 1.70

0.778

-

-

-

 Others

5 (71.43)

0.96

0.20 to 4.70

0.961

-

-

-

Employment status

 Employed

177 (75.32)

Ref

-

-

-

-

-

 Unemployed

12 (63.16)

1.06

0.40 to 2.84

0.909

-

-

-

 Homemaker

39 (81.25)

0.80

0.43 to 1.47

0.469

-

-

-

 Retired

80 (68.97)

1.10

0.70 to 1.72

0.689

-

-

-

Education level

 Informal

12 (75.00)

Ref

-

-

Ref

-

-

 Primary

51 (79.69)

1.06

0.34 to 3.33

0.918

-

-

-

 Secondary

164 (77.00)

1.11

0.38 to 3.23

0.841

-

-

-

 Diploma

41 (64.06)

2.59

0.83 to 8.09

0.101

1.85

1.05 to 3.27

0.032

 University

30 (58.82)

3.13

0.99 to 9.96

0.053

2.26

1.23 to 4.15

0.011

 Others

13 (81.25)

1.37

0.33 to 5.79

0.665

-

-

-

Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD

311 (73.35)

0.92

0.58 to 1.45

0.709

-

-

-

KOOS-12

 1 Quartile (<54.17)

81 (81.82)

Ref

-

-

-

-

-

 2 Quartile (54.17-64.57)

75 (76.53)

1.19

0.67, 2.12

0.482

-

-

-

 3 Quartile (64.58-74.99)

83 (76.15)

1.33

0.76, 2.32

0.269

-

-

-

 4 Quartile (>75)

72 (61.02)

2.65

1.54, 4.56

<0.001

1.98

1.26 to 3.13

0.003