Table 4 Included studies’ outcomes regarding gait parameters
From: Powered single hip joint exoskeletons for gait rehabilitation: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
N | Author (year) | Group (N) | Speed (m/s) SS | Speed (m/s) MaxS | Step length (m) | Stride length (cm) | Cadence (step/min) | Fugl-Meyer (balance) | Metabolic (W/kg) | Oxygen (ml/min/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jayaraman (2018) | PSHJE (25) | 0.95 ± 0.06 | 1.24 ± 0.05 |  |  |  | 21.4 ± 16.7 |  |  |
No PSHJE (25) | 0.85 ± 0.04 | 1.12 ± 0.05 |  |  |  | 11.8 ± 16.6 |  |  | ||
2 | Kitatani (2014) | PSHJE | 1.06 ± 0.16 | 1.51 ± 0.15 |  |  |  |  |  | 0.13 ± 0.01 |
No PSHJE | 1.07 ± 0.15 | 1.52 ± 0.13 |  |  |  |  |  | 0.15 ± 0.015 | ||
3 | Koseki (2021) | PSHJE (11) | 0.96 ± 0.17 | 1.20 ± 0.21 | 0.55 ± 0.08 |  | 104.1 ± 8.47 |  |  |  |
No PSHJE (11) | 0.7 ± 0.29 | 0.90 ± 0.35 | 0.46 ± 0.11 |  | 87.53 ± 23.99 |  |  |  | ||
4 | Ji et al. (2018) | PSHJE (8) | 0.23 ± 0.11 |  |  |  | 52.75 ± 14.65 | 24 (18–32) |  |  |
No PSHJE (8) | 0.29 ± 0.10 |  |  |  | 55.63 ± 5.97 | 18 (16–22) |  |  | ||
5 | Kim et al. (2018) | PSHJE |  |  |  |  | 53.25 ± 4.56 |  | 6.10 ± 1.15 | 17.43 ± 4.09 |
No PSHJE |  |  |  |  | 53.92 ± 5.82 |  | 6.79 ± 1.18 | 19.07 ± 4.00 | ||
6 | Kawasaki et al. (2020) | PSHJE | 0.60 ± 0.38 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
No PSHJE | 0.41 ± 0.19 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
7 | Hwang-Jae Lee et al. (2016) | PSHJE | 0.040 ± 0.001 |  |  | 117.76 ± 12.95 | 111.32 ± 9.43 |  | 4.48 (3.58–5.6) | 13.5 (10.5–16) |
No PSHJE | 0.035 ± 0.005 |  |  | 107.23 ± 15.56 | 105.61 ± 5.46 |  | 5.04 (3.92–6-16) | 14.5 (11.5–17) | ||
8 | Su-Hyun Lee et al. (2017) | PSHJE | 1.10 ± 0.13 |  |  | 117.76 ± 12.95 | 113.36 ± 6.92 |  |  |  |
No PSHJE | 0.97 ± 0.15 |  |  | 107.23 ± 15.56 | 107.90 ± 5.80 |  |  |  | ||
9 | Hwang-Jae Lee et al. (2019) | PSHJE (14) | 0.91 ± 0.15 |  |  | 92.64 ± 15.46 | 106.88 ± 29.48 |  |  | 16 ± 1.2 |
No PSHJE (12) | 0.78 ± 0.11 |  |  | 80.64 ± 16.44 | 88.01 ± 22.82 |  |  | 17.5 ± 1.5 | ||
10 | Lenzi et al. (2013) | PSHJE |  |  |  |  | 101.4 ± 0.46 |  |  |  |
No PSHJE |  |  |  |  | 102.7 ± 0.48 |  |  |  | ||
11 | Martini et al. (2019) | PSHJE (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.45 ± 0.64 | 10.06 ± 1.88 |
No PSHJE (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.58 ± 0.72 | 10.54 ± 2.11 | ||
12 | Tanaka et al. (2017) | PSHJE (21) |  | 1.08 ± 0.43 | 0.53 ± 0.14 |  | 116.56 ± 24.66 |  |  |  |
No PSHJE (20) |  | 1.06 ± 0.61 | 0.52 ± 0.19 |  | 108.80 ± 32.78 |  |  |  | ||
13 | Buesing et al. (2015) | PSHJE (25) | 0.87 ± 0.05 | 1.23 ± 0.07 | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 110 ± 6 | 95.67 ± 3.69 |  |  |  |
No PSHJE (25) | 0.88 ± 0.07 | 1.08 ± 0.07 | 0.52 ± 0.02 | 97 ± 5 | 97.37 ± 5.08 |  |  |  |