Morphological analysis of isolated hemivertebra: radiographic manifestations related to the severity of congenital scoliosis

Table 1 Comparisons of clinical manifestations in patients with congenital scoliosis caused by isolated hemivertebra

Variables	Age		P-value	Side of HV		P-value^*	Numbering of HV^a		P-value^*
Variables	< 10 years (n = 79)	≥ 10 years (n = 77)	P-value	Left (n = 70)	Right (n = 86)	P-value^*	Intrinsic (n = 85)	Excess (n = 71)	P-value^*
Patient age (years)	N/A	N/A	N/A	10.7 ± 7.2	8.8 ± 5.2	0.101	10.5 ± 6.9	8.6 ± 5.2	0.099
Deformity parameters
Cobb angle of scoliosis (°)	43.7 ± 13.8	55.3 ± 22.0	< 0.001	51.8 ± 21.9	47.5 ± 16.4	0.441	52.9 ± 21.2	45.3 ± 15.4	0.004
Cobb angle of kyphosis (°)	24.5 ± 20.0	48.2 ± 33.2	< 0.001	40.0 ± 34.7	33.1 ± 24.8	0.445	38.2 ± 33.2	33.8 ± 25.0	0.691
AVT (mm)	27.0 ± 11.1	42.7 ± 16.4	< 0.001	36.3 ± 18.9	33.5 ± 13.2	0.661	35.3 ± 15.7	34.2 ± 16.4	0.713
TS (mm)	12.8 ± 10.1	17.5 ± 12.4	0.007	15.8 ± 12.5	14.5 ± 10.7	0.646	15.1 ± 12.5	15.1 ± 10.3	0.621
SVA (mm)	28.8 ± 21.2	32.9 ± 22.3	0.212	29.5 ± 20.3	31.9 ± 23.0	0.731	31.8 ± 21.6	29.7 ± 22.1	0.469
Morphology of HV (n & %)
Width across CVL of DAV	26 (32.9)	41 (53.2)	0.010	28 (40.0)	39 (45.3)	0.502	39 (45.9)	28 (39.4)	0.418
Lateral height ratio^c ≥ 0.9	46 (58.2)	42 (54.5)	0.643	39 (55.7)	49 (57.0)	0.874	57 (67.1)	31 (43.7)	0.003
Posterolateral position	30 (38.0)	49 (63.6)	0.001	35 (50.0)	44 (51.2)	0.885	46 (54.1)	33 (46.5)	0.342
Associated anomalies (n & %)
Compensatory curve	22 (27.8)	25 (32.5)	0.530	17 (24.3)	30 (34.9)	0.151	26 (30.6)	21 (29.6)	0.891
Anteroposterior discordance^d	18 (22.8)	10 (13.0)	0.111	11 (15.7)	17 (19.8)	0.512	15 (17.6)	13 (18.3)	0.914
Intraspinal anomalies	19 (24.1)	17 (22.1)	0.770	17 (24.3)	19 (22.1)	0.746	18 (21.2)	18 (25.4)	0.538

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number of patients (percentage)
TS trunk shift: SVA sagittal vertical axis: AVT: apex vertebral translation: HV hemivertebra: CVL central vertical line: DAV distal adjacent vertebra
^*The raw P values are provided because there is no significant difference of the distribution of age between groups, and adjusting by age using analysis of covariance is unnecessary
^aIntrinsic HV indicated that the total number of vertebrae including the HV was normal (equal to or less than 12 thoracic and 5 lumbar vertebrae) and the HV was numbered by the corresponding vertebral level, e.g. T12; Excess HV indicated that the HV was a supernumerary segment in addition to the 17 or more normally developed thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and thus was numbered by the corresponding intervertebral space, e.g. T12-L1. ^cTwice the convex lateral height of HV divided by the summation of convex lateral height of proximal and distal adjacent vertebra. ^dThe mismatch phenomenon between vertebral body and posterior structure of HV

ISSN: 1471-2474