Morphological analysis of isolated hemivertebra: radiographic manifestations related to the severity of congenital scoliosis

Table 2 The comparisons by the three morphological parameters of hemivertebra

Variables	Width of hemivertebra			Lateral height ratio^b			Sagittal position
Variables	Within (n = 89)	Across (n = 67)	P-value (Adjusted)	< 0.9 (n = 68)	≥ 0.9 (n = 88)	P-value^#	Lateral (n = 77)	Posterolateral (n = 79)	P-value (Adjusted)
Patient age (years)	9.0 ± 6.8	11.0 ± 5.9	0.015	9.7 ± 5.9	9.7 ± 6.5	0.651	8.1 ± 5.0	11.2 ± 6.9	0.003
Deformity parameters
Cobb angle of scoliosis (°)^a	42.8 ± 15.0	58.3 ± 20.6	< 0.001 (< 0.001)	41.4 ± 13.3	55.7 ± 20.6	< 0.001	44.4 ± 15.6	54.4 ± 21.0	< 0.001 (0.026)
Cobb angle of kyphosis (°)^a	29.5 ± 25.7	45.1 ± 32.5	0.002 (0.013)	32.6 ± 27.5	39.0 ± 31.2	0.171	20.6 ± 17.1	51.4 ± 31.5	< 0.001 (< 0.001)
AVT (mm)^a	31.2 ± 13.7	39.5 ± 17.7	0.002 (0.014)	33.9 ± 15.4	35.5 ± 16.5	0.503	30.5 ± 13.9	38.9 ± 16.9	0.001 (0.032)
TS (mm)	14.6 ± 9.8	15.7 ± 13.5	0.933	15.7 ± 11.1	14.6 ± 11.8	0.511	14.8 ± 9.8	15.4 ± 13.0	0.615
SVA (mm)	28.2 ± 20.6	34.4 ± 22.9	0.070	30.2 ± 23.0	31.4 ± 20.9	0.505	28.9 ± 20.9	32.8 ± 22.6	0.273
Associated anomalies (n & %)
Compensatory curve	23 (25.8)	24 (35.8)	0.179	18 (26.5)	29 (33.0)	0.381	21 (27.3)	26 (32.9)	0.443
Anteroposterior discordance^c	18 (20.2)	10 (14.9)	0.393	14 (20.6)	14 (15.9)	0.450	21 (27.3)	7 (8.9)	0.003
Intraspinal anomalies	19 (21.3)	17 (25.4)	0.555	12 (17.6)	24 (27.3)	0.157	21 (27.3)	15 (19.0)	0.219

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number of patients (percentage).
TS trunk shift: SVA sagittal vertical axis: AVT apex vertebral translation.
^aAdjusted by age using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) when necessary. ^#No significant difference of the distribution of age between two groups was identified, and adjusting by age using ANCOVA was unnecessary. ^bTwice the convex lateral height of hemivertebra divided by the summation of convex lateral height of proximal and distal adjacent vertebra. ^cThe mismatch phenomenon between vertebral body and posterior structure of hemivertebra

ISSN: 1471-2474