Table 3 Results of rmANOVA tests for the four measurement points (t0-t3) of the Fried Frailty Phenotype

Total sample

Effect

df

MSE

F

ges

p.value

Time

2.61, 255.95

0.99

58.78

0.193

< 0.001

contrast

estimate

SE

df

t.ratio

p.value

pre-op (t0) - d7 post-op (t1)

0.364

0.157

98

2.317

0.135

pre-op (t0) − 4–6 wk post-op (t2)

1.152

0.136

98

8.484

< 0.001

pre-op (t0) − 12 wk post-op (t3)

1.566

0.124

98

12.663

< 0.001

d7 post-op (t1) − 4–6 wk post-op (t2)

0.788

0.124

98

6.367

< 0.001

d7 post-op (t1) − 12 wk post-op (t3)

1.202

0.143

98

8.415

< 0.001

4–6 wk post-op (t2) − 12 wk post-op (t3)

0.414

0.103

98

4.039

< 0.001

P value adjustment: bonferroni method for 6 tests

Pre-frail

Effect

df

MSE

F

ges

p.value

Time

2.31, 110.87

0.95

25.36

0.215

< 0.001

contrast

estimate

SE

df

t.ratio

p.value

pre-op (t0) - d7 post-op (t1)

-0.327

0.209

48

-1.562

0.749

pre-op (t0) − 4–6 wk post-op (t2)

0.673

0.183

48

3.680

0.004

pre-op (t0) − 12 wk post-op (t3)

1.020

0.135

48

7.549

< 0.001

d7 post-op (t1) − 4–6 wk post-op (t2)

1.000

0.152

48

6.600

< 0.001

d7 post-op (t1) − 12 wk post-op (t3)

1.347

0.197

48

6.844

< 0.001

4–6 wk post-op (t2) − 12 wk post-op (t3)

0.347

0.147

48

2.354

0.136

P value adjustment: bonferroni method for 6 tests

Frail

Effect

df

MSE

F

ges

p.value

Time

2.71, 132.75

0.92

49.06

0.286

< 0.001

contrast

estimate

SE

df

t.ratio

p.value

pre-op (t0) - d7 post-op (t1)

1.04

0.192

49

5.429

< 0.001

pre-op (t0) − 4–6 wk post-op (t2)

1.62

0.178

49

9.092

< 0.001

pre-op (t0) − 12 wk post-op (t3)

2.10

0.177

49

11.884

< 0.001

d7 post-op (t1) − 4–6 wk post-op (t2)

0.58

0.192

49

3.023

0.024

d7 post-op (t1) − 12 wk post-op (t3)

1.06

0.207

49

5.125

< 0.001

4–6 wk post-op (t2) − 12 wk post-op (t3)

0.48

0.144

49

3.344

0.010

P value adjustment: bonferroni method for 6 tests