| NMES Group (n = 25) Mean (SD) | Exs Group (n = 25) Mean (SD) | NMES + Exs Group (n = 25) Mean (SD) | P value (P ≤ 0.05) |
---|---|---|---|---|
VAS (0–10) | ||||
 pre-intervention | 5.10(1.37) | 5.17(1.01) | 5.47(1.32) | 0.615c |
 post-intervention | 3.18(1.04) | 3.66(0.97) | 2.94(1.34) | 0.226c |
 after 12 weeks | 1.78(0.89) | 2.84(0.80) | 1.93(1.27) | 0.022a |
 P value | < 0.0001e | < 0.0001e | < 0.0001e |  |
FROM (degree) | ||||
 pre-intervention | 115.26(3.09) | 110.32(3.27) | 120.51(4.22) | 0.79g |
 post-intervention | 117.13(2.02) | 110.50(2.59) | 123.35(3.81) | < 0.0001b |
 after 12 weeks | 118.60(2.59) | 112.26(2.14) | 128.50(2.25) | < 0.0001b |
 P value | < 0.0001d | 0.397f | < 0.0001d |  |
TG (cm) | ||||
 pre-intervention | 49.31(2.23) | 48.22(2.63) | 50.25(2.43) | 0.316g |
 post-intervention | 50.45(2.95) | 47.55(2.95) | 52.80(1.95) | < 0.004b |
 after 12 weeks | 52.15(2.26) | 48.35(2.26) | 54.25(2.16) | < 0.0001b |
 P value | < 0.0001d | 0.023d | < 0.0001d |  |
VMO Thickness (mm) | ||||
 pre-intervention | 16.01(0.43) | 15.60(0.73) | 15.01(0.63) | 0.361g |
 post-intervention | 17.22(0.59) | 15.72(0.39) | 16.42(0.19) |  < 0.003b |
 after 12 weeks | 17.71(0.62) | 15.81(0.56) | 18.17(0.32) |  < 0.0001b |
 P value | < 0.0001d | 0.076f | < 0.0001d |  |
TUG (second) | ||||
 pre-intervention | 9.71(0.68) | 9.98(0.65) | 9.87(0.58) | 0.603c |
 post-intervention | 8.60(0.70) | 9.42(0.26) | 8.91(0.23) |  < 0.0001a |
 after 12 weeks | 7.72(0.63) | 9.01(0.31) | 8.22(0.65) |  < 0.0001a |
 P value | < 0.0001e | < 0.0001e | < 0.0001e |  |
6MWT(m) | ||||
 pre-intervention | 442.36(47.14) | 437.64(51.50) | 432.65(54.41) | 0.842c |
 post-intervention | 523.19(59.05) | 470.60(59.38) | 511.53(45.21) | 0.038a |
 after 12 weeks | 548.93(36.65) | 493.23(62.30) | 526.20(47.70) | 0.029a |
 P value | < 0.0001e | < 0.0001e | < 0.0001e |  |
WOMAC pain subscale | ||||
 pre-intervention | 9.20(0.78) | 9.73(0.18) | 9.34(0.64) | 0.688g |
 post-intervention | 6.13(0.68) | 6.43(0.65) | 6.24(0.71) | 0.061g |
 after 12 weeks | 5.16(0.96) | 6.56(0.98) | 3.98(0.51) |  |
 P value | < 0.0001f | < 0.0001f | < 0.0001f | 0.003b |
WOMAC stiffness subscale | ||||
 pre-intervention | 3.84(1.17) | 3.82(0.81) | 3.81(0.98) | 0.097c |
 post-intervention | 2.94(0.85) | 2.87(0.52) | 2.47(0.87) | < 0.0001a |
 after 12 weeks | 1.93(0.97) | 2.03(0.97) | 1.40(1.05) | < 0.0001a |
 P value | < 0.0001e | < 0.0001e | < 0.0001e |  |
WOMAC function subscale | ||||
 pre-intervention | 33.98(2.93) | 34.86(2.96) | 35.25(2.57) | 0.646g |
 post-intervention | 27.46(2.49) | 28.50(2.87) | 28.32(1.92) | 0.231g |
 after 12 weeks | 21.43(1.32) | 21.56(1.29) | 22.13(1.75) | 0.017b |
 P value | < 0.0001f | < 0.0001f | < 0.0001f |  |
WOMAC total score | ||||
 pre-intervention | 45.96(3.32) | 48.46(3.60) | 46.87(4.04) | 0.720g |
 post-intervention | 37.53(4.12) | 39.48(2.16) | 38.67(3.27) | 0.071g |
 after 12 weeks | 26.96(1.84) | 29.26(2.20) | 27.73(2.98) | 0.007b |
 P value | < 0.0001f | < 0.0001f | < 0.0001f |  |